What type of cell is responsible for transmitting impulses in the nervous system?

Neurons are the specialized cells essential for transmitting impulses throughout the nervous system. They have a unique structure that includes a cell body, dendrites, and an axon, which facilitate the conduction of electrical signals. The dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits impulses away from the neuron to communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands. This capability allows for the functioning of the nervous system, including sensory perception, motor control, and reflex actions. The intricate network of neurons forms the basis of communication within the brain and spinal cord, making them critical for all nervous system activities.

In contrast, glial cells support and protect neurons but do not conduct electrical impulses. Muscle cells are involved in contracting to produce movement rather than transmitting nerve impulses. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body, playing no role in nerve impulse transmission. Thus, neurons are the key players in the transmission of impulses in the nervous system.