Which part of the brain controls breathing?

The medulla oblongata plays a crucial role in the control of breathing. It is located at the base of the brain, just above the spinal cord, and is part of the brainstem. The medulla oblongata contains the respiratory centers that regulate the rhythm and rate of breathing automatically. It responds to various physiological changes in the body, such as carbon dioxide levels in the blood, to ensure that breathing is adjusted accordingly to maintain proper gas exchange.

Additionally, the medulla integrates signals from other parts of the nervous system and body, allowing it to coordinate breathing effectively with other bodily functions, such as heart rate and blood pressure. This makes it essential for maintaining homeostasis during various activities, whether at rest or during physical exertion.